1. Sowing date: Stone tomato is suitable for spring planting in South China and southwest China from January to March, and autumn and winter planting from August to January is the best.
2. Seedling raising: the amount of seed used per mu is 8-10 grams. Seedlings are raised in seedling bed or nutrition Cup to cultivate strong seedlings.
3. Land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: select paddy fields or fields that have not planted Solanaceae crops for more than three years, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, 1000-5000 kg of rotten mature soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 25 kg of compound fertilizer or calcium superphosphate, 50-100 kg of chicken feather or cake fertilizer or peanut bran are applied per mu, which are evenly mixed with the soil to form a border with a width of 1.7-2 meters.
4. Planting: plant 2000 - 2200 plants per mu according to the planting scale. Plant in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day, and fill enough root fixing water in time.
5. Strengthen fertilizer and water management: A. timely irrigation and drainage according to the weather conditions and soil dry and wet conditions to ensure uniform water supply. B. According to different periods of growth and development, topdressing and fertilization should be carried out reasonably. Generally, the logistics of fruit setting should be applied with topdressing, and potassium fertilizer should be used more.
6. Timely intertillage weeding, soil cultivation, scaffolding and vine binding.
7. Pruning and thinning leaves: keep the lower lateral branches of the first inflorescence of the main stem, remove the empty lower lateral branches, properly remove the dense branches on the upper part of the first inflorescence, and timely drain the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves.
8. Prevent flower and fruit falling: when the temperature during fruit setting is too high and too low, resulting in abnormal fruit setting, you can use 10-20mg / L 2.4-D or 25-50mg / L ketolin to smear the flower spraying sequence to protect flowers and fruits.
9. Pay attention to the placement of diseases and pests: focus on the prevention of bacterial wilt, late blight and aphid borne virus diseases.
10. Harvest in time: the weather forecast should be observed in time during the harvest period. Before the heavy rain comes, the eight mature fruits should be picked and placed in the house. When they are sold, they can be picked to prevent cracking. It is more suitable to harvest tomatoes when the color is uniform.
At present, the main diseases and pests in tomato fields in China include virus disease, early blight, bacterial wilt, late blight, leaf mold, gray mold, ulcer disease, aphid, cotton bollworm, leaf miner and whitefly. For tomato diseases and pests, we should follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first and comprehensive control", and adhere to the harmless control principle of "agricultural control, physical control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control". Agricultural prevention and control is to select varieties with high resistance and multi resistance according to the main local pest control objects; We should implement a strict rotation system, rotate with non Solanaceae crops for more than 3 years, and implement water and dry rotation in areas with conditions; Deep ditch and high border, covered with plastic film; Cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance; Fertilize the soil with less fertilizer and increase the balance of organic fertilizer; Clean the countryside. Through these means, the occurrence of diseases and pests can be greatly reduced. Physical control is to use physical methods, such as covering silver gray plastic film to drive away aphids, luring insects with yellow board, soaking seeds in warm soup and so on, so as to prevent or reduce the occurrence of tomato diseases and pests.
Biological control is to use natural enemies of diseases and pests to eliminate the diseases and pests that have occurred. Therefore, we should actively protect and use natural enemies. The other is the use of biological agents, such as viruses, nematodes and other biological pesticides such as veratrine, matrine and azadirachtin. In principle, chemical control should be supplemented in the whole process of tomato pest control. Moreover, the type and dose of chemicals used should also be considered when using chemical control, because excessive or improper operation will lead to the increase of pesticide residues in fruits, and the tomato products produced do not meet the requirements of pollution-free tomato products. For the open field production of pollution-free tomato, the amount of pesticide and safety interval should be strictly controlled. The drug selection and application techniques for the prevention and control of major diseases and pests are as follows:
[heat shock]: use 64% evil frost spirit + mancozeb 550 times spray, safe interval 3 days. [Rhizoctonia solani]: spray with 800 times of 72.2% cream and mildew water, and the safe interval is 5 days. [Botrytis cinerea]: 1500 times spray with 50% Pythium and 1500 wet powder. The safe interval is 1 days. Or 50% ethylene nuclein wettable powder 1000 times spray, safe interval of 4 days. [early blight]: 70% times mancozeb 500 times spray, safe interval 15 days. Or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times spray, safe interval 7 days. [late blight]: 40% times phosphorus, manganese and zinc wettable powder 300 times spray, safe interval 5 days, or 72.2% frost mold water agent 800 times spray, safe interval 5 days. [leaf mold]: spray with 2% Wuyi bacteria water agent 500 times, safe interval 2 days, or 47% spring / mycin + copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, safe interval 21 days. [ulceration]: use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray, safe interval 3 days. [viral disease]: spray 100 times of 83 anti infective agent once at seedling stage and after slow seedling, with a safe interval of 3 days. Aphid: spray with 2000-3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC, safe interval of 2 days or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, safe interval 7 days. Whitefly: 3000 times spray with 2.5% benzothrin EC for 4 days. Bemisia tabaci: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, with a safe interval of 7 days.
According to the production requirements of pollution-free tomato, the following pesticides cannot be used in the production process, which are mainly high toxic and high residue pesticides, including Chlordimeform, cyanide, lead phosphide, BHC, DDT, chlordane, methamidophos [3911], parathion [1605], methyl parathion [methyl 1605], internally absorbed phosphorus [1059], Suhua 203, fenitrophos, phosphamide, isopropylphosphorus Omethoate, zinc phosphide, carbofuran, parathion, monocrotophos, dicofol, aldicarb, fluoroacetamide, organic mercury preparation, arsenic preparation, xilisheng, sailisan, ulcer Jing, sodium pentachlorophenol and other high toxic and high residue pesticides. The state has banned the use of the above pesticides and made a series of regulations. In addition, physiological diseases are often heard in production, which are often caused by adverse conditions. It mainly includes umbilical rot, sunburn, deformed fruit, hollow fruit, fruit cracking, leaf rolling, abnormal hypertrophic stem and so on. Therefore, in the production process, do not ignore physiological diseases. [late blight]: 40% times phosphorus, manganese and zinc wettable powder 300 times spray, safe interval 5 days, or 72.2% frost mold water agent 800 times spray, safe interval 5 days. [leaf mold]: spray with 2% Wuyi bacteria water agent 500 times, safe interval 2 days, or 47% spring / mycin + copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, safe interval 21 days. [ulceration]: use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray, safe interval 3 days. [viral disease]: spray 100 times of 83 anti infective agent once at seedling stage and after slow seedling, with a safe interval of 3 days. Aphid: spray with 2000-3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin, safe interval of 2 days, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, safe interval 7 days. Whitefly: 2.5% times 3000 times the spray of biphenyl chrysanthemum oil, with a safe interval of 4 days. Bemisia tabaci: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, with a safe interval of 7 days. According to the production requirements of pollution-free tomato, the following pesticides cannot be used in the production process, which are mainly high toxic and high residue pesticides, including Chlordimeform, cyanide, lead phosphide, BHC, DDT, chlordane, methamidophos [3911], p-willow [1605], methyl parathion [methyl 1605], internal phosphorus absorption [1059], Suhua 203, fenitrophos, ammonium phosphate, isopropyl phosphorus Omethoate, zinc phosphide, carbofuran, Isocarbophos, monocrotophos, dicofol, aldicarb, fluoroacetamide, mercury preparation, arsenic preparation, xilisheng, sailisan, ulcer net, pentachlorophenol sodium and other high toxic and high residue pesticides. The state has banned the use of the above pesticides and made a series of regulations. In addition, physiological diseases are often heard in production, which are often caused by adverse conditions. It mainly includes umbilical rot, sunburn, deformed fruit, cracked fruit, hollow fruit, rolled leaf, abnormally hypertrophic stem and so on. Therefore, in the production process, do not ignore physiological diseases.