1. Sowing date: suitable for spring planting in South China and southwest China from January to March, and autumn and winter planting from August to January is the best.
2. Seedling raising: the amount of seed per mu is 8-10g. The seedlings are raised in the seedling bed and in the nutrient cup to cultivate strong seedlings.
3. Land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: select paddy fields or fields that have not been planted with Solanaceae crops for more than three years, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, 1000-5000 kg of rotten mature soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 25 kg of compound fertilizer or calcium superphosphate, 50-100 kg of chicken feather or cake fertilizer or peanut bran are applied per mu, which are evenly mixed with the soil, and the land is prepared into a border with a width of 1.7-2 meters.
4. Colonization: plant 2000-2200 plants per mu on the scale of colonization, and plant in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day, even if sufficient rooting water is filled.
5. Strengthen fertilizer and water management: A. timely irrigation and drainage according to the weather conditions and soil dry and wet conditions to ensure uniform water supply.
B. According to different periods of growth and development, topdressing and fertilization should be carried out reasonably. Generally, the logistics of fruit setting should be applied with topdressing, and potassium fertilizer should be used more.
6. Timely intertillage weeding, soil cultivation, scaffolding and vine binding.
7. Prevention and control of flower and fruit dropping: when the temperature during fruit setting is too high and too low, resulting in abnormal fruit setting, you can use 10-20mg / L 2.4-D or 25-50mg / L ketolin to smear the flower spraying sequence to protect flowers and fruits.
8. Pruning and thinning leaves: keep the lower lateral branches of the first inflorescence of the main stem, remove the empty lower lateral branches, properly remove the too dense branches on the upper part of the first inflorescence, and timely drain the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves.
9. Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests: focus on the prevention of bacterial wilt, late blight and aphid borne virus diseases.
10. Harvest in time. During the harvest period, we should watch the weather forecast in time. Before the heavy rain comes, we should pick the eight mature fruits and put them in the house. When we sell them, we can prevent them from cracking. It is more suitable to harvest tomatoes when the color is uniform.
At present, the main diseases and pests in tomato fields in China include virus disease, early blight, bacterial wilt, Trichosanthes blight, late blight, leaf mold, gray mold and ulcer; Aphid, cotton bollworm, leaf miner, whitefly. For tomato pests, we should follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first and comprehensive control", and adhere to the harmless control principle of "agricultural control, physical control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control". Agricultural prevention and control is to select varieties with high resistance and multi resistance according to the main local pest control objects; We should implement a strict rotation system, rotate with non Solanaceae crops for more than 3 years, and implement water and dry rotation in areas with conditions; Deep ditch and high border, covered with plastic film; Cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance; Fertilize the soil with less fertilizer and increase the balance of organic fertilizer; Clean the countryside. Through these means, the occurrence of diseases and pests can be greatly reduced. Physical control means that vegetables use physical methods, such as covering silver gray plastic film to drive away aphids, luring insects with yellow board, soaking seeds in warm soup and so on.
Biological control is to use the heaven and earth of diseases and pests to eliminate the diseases and pests that have occurred. Therefore, we should actively protect and use the heaven and earth. The other is to use biological agents, such as vegetable viruses and nematodes, to control diseases and insect pests, and plant-derived pesticides, such as veratrine, matrine, Azadirachtin and other biological pesticides to control diseases and insect pests. In principle, chemical control should be supplemented in the whole process of tomato pest control. In addition, the type and dose of chemicals used should also be considered when using vegetable chemical control, because excessive or improper operation will lead to the increase of pesticide residues in fruits, and the tomato products produced will not meet the requirements of pollution-free tomato products. For the open field production of pollution-free tomato, the amount of pesticide and safety interval should be strictly controlled. The drug selection and application techniques for the prevention and control of major diseases and pests are as follows:
[heat shock]: use 64% evil frost spirit + mancozeb 550 times spray, safe interval 3 days. [Rhizoctonia solani]: spray with 800 times of 72.2% cream and mildew water, and the safe interval is 5 days. [Botrytis cinerea]: 1500 times spray with 50% Pythium and 1500 wet powder. The safe interval is 1 days. Or 50% ethylene nuclein wettable powder 1000 times spray, safe interval of 4 days. [early blight]: 70% times mancozeb 500 times spray, safe interval 15 days. Or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times spray, safe interval 7 days. [late blight]: 40% times phosphorus, manganese and zinc wettable powder 300 times spray, safe interval 5 days, or 72.2% frost mold water agent 800 times spray, safe interval 5 days. [leaf mold]: spray with 2% Wuyi bacteria water agent 500 times, safe interval 2 days, or 47% spring / mycin + copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, safe interval 21 days. [ulceration]: use 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times spray, safe interval 3 days. [viral disease]: spray 100 times of 83 anti infective agent once at seedling stage and after slow seedling, with a safe interval of 3 days. Aphid: spray with 2000-3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin, safe interval of 2 days, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, safe interval 7 days. Whitefly: 2.5% times 3000 times the spray of biphenyl chrysanthemum oil, with a safe interval of 4 days. Bemisia tabaci: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, with a safe interval of 7 days. According to the production requirements of pollution-free tomato, the following pesticides cannot be used in the production process, which are mainly high toxic and high residue pesticides, including Chlordimeform, cyanide, lead phosphide, BHC, DDT, chlordane, methamidophos [3911], p-willow [1605], methyl parathion [methyl 1605], internal phosphorus absorption [1059], Suhua 203, fenitrophos, ammonium phosphate, isopropyl phosphorus Omethoate, zinc phosphide, carbofuran, Isocarbophos, monocrotophos, dicofol, aldicarb, fluoroacetamide, mercury preparation, arsenic preparation, xilisheng, sailisan, ulcer net, pentachlorophenol sodium and other high toxic and high residue pesticides. The state has banned the use of the above pesticides and made a series of regulations. In addition, physiological diseases are often heard in production, which are often caused by adverse conditions. It mainly includes umbilical rot, sunburn, deformed fruit, cracked fruit, hollow fruit, rolled leaf, abnormally hypertrophic stem and so on. Therefore, in the production process, do not ignore physiological diseases.